By Anthony:
As a teacher, you have to be ready to deviate from your notes sometimes. With my class on mission and evangelism, we had a tangent that amounted to a four hour class discussion over two days, not counting the time spent discussing outside of class. What began as a simple discussion about whether God uses dreams or visions to call people to missions, culminated in a few students questioning whether Jesus is really necessary as a Savior, whether they should write a new Bible that doesn’t challenge their beliefs, and a couple students boldly declaring that we must obey our culture before obeying Christ if the two contradict. Let me tell you what happened. Have no fear, this story ends well, making it one of the most serious and disturbing class discussions I’ve ever had, yet one of the most delightful at the same time because God used my teaching.
As a teacher, you have to be ready to deviate from your notes sometimes. With my class on mission and evangelism, we had a tangent that amounted to a four hour class discussion over two days, not counting the time spent discussing outside of class. What began as a simple discussion about whether God uses dreams or visions to call people to missions, culminated in a few students questioning whether Jesus is really necessary as a Savior, whether they should write a new Bible that doesn’t challenge their beliefs, and a couple students boldly declaring that we must obey our culture before obeying Christ if the two contradict. Let me tell you what happened. Have no fear, this story ends well, making it one of the most serious and disturbing class discussions I’ve ever had, yet one of the most delightful at the same time because God used my teaching.
The heart of the discussion was the relationship
between culture and Christianity. I
suggest that one of the greatest challenges facing Africa today is that
Christians have not had a truly transformed worldview, based on the Bible. Instead there are many Africans who are still
abiding by the beliefs and practices of traditional religion and culture, while
at the same time attending church on Sundays.
So there are very many Africans claiming to be Christian, but very few
who have actually had a transformation of their mind, to believe and to act
according to the truth of God’s revelation to us (Romans 12:2). (Perhaps this is still a problem in America as well!). Our class discussion is evidence of this
reality in Africa. This is why I’m a missionary
teaching in a country that is already reached with the Gospel.
I had already spent two hours discussing the
relationship between Christianity and culture. Most my students are from the Kikuyu tribe, but there many tribes in Kenya, and our class had several other tribes represented as well. We talked about how every culture has things that fit with the Christian
faith and can be enjoyed and celebrated, and every culture has things which are
fallen. All people need to be
transformed when coming to Christ. We
talked about contextualization and the Christian faith finding a home in each
culture. We talked about how
Christianity is not about Western culture, and is not a white man’s
religion. We talked about the ways that
Christianity could look different in Africa versus the USA. We talked about the tension between how we
remain a part of our culture even as a Christian, but yet you are also somewhat
of a stranger to your culture as a citizen of the Kingdom of God. We talked about the uniqueness of African
Christianity and celebrated aspects of African culture. The students were tracking with me and
understanding, and I thought we were all on the same page. But it must have been going over their head
and not truly connecting to their lives and reality.
When we came to a later topic about dreams, I found
out that in their culture, if they have a person (even a Christian) who has been having a lot
of dreams, they offer a sacrifice to “cleanse” the person and purify them so they no
longer have dreams. Yet the
sacrifice is not being offered to God. In this post, it’s not necessary to get into a discussion about this particular ritual,
or our later conversations about witchcraft and curses. I was not trying to teach them that their
cultural beliefs and practices were wrong. I was actually trying to learn more about
these things from them. But I did
challenge them to think about their beliefs and if they really fit with the
Bible or not. I tried to make them think
through why they believe in the power of witchcraft, or uttering curses. Where does the power come from? The discussion was not about whether their
cultural beliefs and practices regarding these things are good or bad. That’s not the point. The point was rather what we should use to
determine whether they are good or bad.
I taught them that we should only continue in such traditional beliefs
and practices if they fit with what the Bible teaches us. But a few students argued that it does not matter so
much what the Bible says. They told me
they have to continue in such beliefs and rituals for two reasons:
1. They know from experience and stories people tell that the rituals work when prayer to God doesn’t work.
2. They cannot go against their culture or there will be consequences, notably other people being unhappy with them.
1. They know from experience and stories people tell that the rituals work when prayer to God doesn’t work.
2. They cannot go against their culture or there will be consequences, notably other people being unhappy with them.
So we talked long, vigorously, and intensely about the
relationship between culture and Christianity.
I pushed them really hard, challenging them and asking difficult
questions. I made them deeply think
through what they believed and why. I so
very much appreciate how honest they were willing to be with me. They trusted me enough to be open, and I
think this was one of the first times that they were honest with themselves
about this. They understood that I did
not want them to embrace Western culture, and that I was not against their African
culture. But the crux of the issue was what
to do if our culture requires something different from what God requires. Though they probably would never have dared
utter such a thing before this class discussion, after forcing them to really
examine their beliefs, at the end they were willing to be honest and say that
culture comes first, and Christ comes second, and they will only take what
Christ says in so far as it fits with their culture. It wasn’t all of the students who said this. Most of the students agreed with me, and some weren’t
sure what to think.
At points in the long conversation:
- Some claimed that Christianity is a white man’s religion (even though they know from church history that Christianity was in Africa first). Some of the students were really considering that their tribe should write their own Bible, and not have this one from the Jews. So we had to review the biblical teaching of how God revealed himself first to the Jews but always had a plan and heart for all the nations.
- Some students, while wondering and trying to put their thoughts into words, tried to articulate that maybe Jesus is our savior and our help in some ways but in other ways we find salvation and help through the traditional culture.
- Some claimed that their culture, before the missionaries came to Africa, was already perfect. They already worshiped God, they were already saved. Basically, they had no sin, and didn’t need a Savior. I said, “you have freedom to believe this, and I will still love you, but then are you saying that Jesus is not really the Savior, and that those people did not need to hear about him?” It shook me to my core to hear some of these pastors-to-be wonder out loud, “no, they did not need Jesus, maybe he is not the savior for all people.” I trust that God continues to give grace in such experiences of learning and wrestling through such doubts and issues.
- One student suggested what amounts to modern day pluralism, that each religion finds its own way to God, its own path of salvation. And God will judge each person according to the beliefs and standards of their religion. So I had to teach about the logical problems with a pluralistic view.
- Many of the students said they would do whatever is practical to meet their needs. “If prayer to God doesn’t solve my problem, I will do the traditional rituals.” This is really common in African Christianity. People do what works, not what is right. If prayer doesn’t work, do a sacrifice. If the sacrifice doesn’t work, go to the witch doctor. Whatever works to get me healing and to get more money, that is what I will do.
- The main reason the students gave for not going against the culture was that there are consequences for not following the culture. I said, “But Jesus called us to do what is right, even if it means that we will suffer, to deny ourselves and follow him.” But they kept insisting that you have to follow the culture to avoid causing a problem and being criticized by others. So we discussed how the early Christians in the Roman Empire suffered for going against the culture, how American Christians have to go against parts of our culture today, how Indian Christians have to go against parts of their culture, etc. Some of the students were really getting it and were ready to suffer for Christ, but some still could not fathom suffering by going against the culture. I explained that that is the challenge of being a follower of Christ. “Jesus said to count the cost, and we cannot be one of his followers if we are not willing to suffer for him.”
- Some students tried to argue a middle approach, trying to reconcile what I was teaching and what some of the students were teaching. They said we need to accept both Christianity but also the culture, and that they go hand in hand, fitting together perfectly. They had trouble accepting that there are fallen aspects to every culture. It seems they only want to focus on the good aspects of their various cultures, because when I tried to point out that corruption is a huge part of the culture in Kenya, they agreed that corruption is wrong, but didn’t want to say that it was part of the culture. (Only 1% of all the money spent by the government of Kenya is spent according to the law, according to how it was supposed to be spent – see this video).
(Another example of confusion between culture and Christianity, perhaps part of what my students are reacting against. In East Africa, a Christian wedding is not only a wedding that is done in church before God, but a wedding with a white dress, tuxes, and a cake. And "Christian names" are Western names like William and Harriet that aren't even in the Bible)
After the 4 hours of discussion, everyone could
clearly see and understand all these issues, facing this dilemma honestly perhaps
for the first time in their lives. But
about 3 or 4 of the 13 students were stubbornly insisting that their first
allegiance is to the culture, and secondly to Christ and the Bible. I challenged them seriously, but also in
love, that to be true Christians we must put Christ above all other gods,
including our own cultures. We must die
to self, be born again, and find new life and identity in Christ. I said if they want be followers of the
culture, and only follow some of Christ’s teachings, that they should be honest
and not call themselves Christians. And
that I could not recommend anyone to be a pastor who is not willing to put
Christ before their culture. It was
tense, serious, and I spoke very slowly and carefully and in love. This might have seemed harsh to some of them,
but it is the truth.
Outside of class, I checked on the students who
disagreed with me. I was relieved that
they had loved the discussion. They said
it was the very best way to learn and appreciated me so much for allowing them
to honestly discuss. They did not feel
offended at all. It was one of the most helpful classes they have had.
Reflecting later, I know that part of the problem is
that people are trying to value their tribal cultures that were so strongly put
down by Westerners in the past. Some of
these tribes went through awful things during the colonial period. Many of the tribes started to lose their
identity and traditional practices and beliefs, many of which were good. Many of the colonials and missionaries of the
past preached Western culture right alongside the Gospel. And some actively preached against traditional African culture, again, some of which was very good. So I understand that now these African
Christians, my students, are trying to hold on to their cultural identity and celebrate what is
good in their cultures. I’m not against
that and told the students so. I had
even told them I appreciate their cultures more than my own in many ways. But it’s ironic or at least interesting that the
Kenyans today are emulating what they saw of Western missionaries in the past. If the Western missionaries could preach
their culture along with the Gospel, why can’t Kenyans do so today as well? If the Western missionaries put their culture
before Christ at times, why can’t Kenyans do so at times as well?
It’s hard for any of us not to put our cultures
first. I’m thankful that I have been a
part of so many different cultures and known so many people from around the
world. It has helped me to better see
(though not perfectly of course) what is really the core of the Gospel, what the Bible really
teaches, and then the cultural periphery that changes from culture to culture.
I felt like the class discussion was a huge success,
even though I couldn’t convince all the students to put Christ before their
culture. Most Americans or Kenyans or
any Christians who do put their culture over Christ, don’t realize they are
doing it, or aren’t honest that they are doing it. At least these few students are able to
recognize clearly what they were doing and articulate it.
But the best part came later! After we agreed to disagree, the students
themselves continued the discussion, all of them together, outside of
class. And the rest of the class was
able to convince some more of the students that Christ comes before
culture. One who had initially disagreed
even came to tell me of his heart/mind change, that he is putting Christ first, and
that he is now going to work on convincing the last of the hold-outs. I’m so grateful for this class of students,
to wrestle through hard topics like this together, and support one another in
figuring out the truth. And I’m thankful
for God using me to help them think through these things.
How about you? Do you put culture before Christ? You might quickly say "no." But are you sure?Are you willing to suffer by putting the truth of God's Word first in forming your beliefs? Are you willing to be called a bigot for believing what God says even if it radically goes against the culture's ideas? Are you willing to go against your political party because you put Christ first? Do you get your identity first and foremost as a Christian, rather than as a conservative, or as a Baptist, or as a Dutch person, or as a Democrat? I'm proud of my students for admitting what they were really doing. Can we be courageous enough to also admit if we are forming our beliefs and opinions about controversial issues based on our culture's ideas first rather than God's Word?
How about you? Do you put culture before Christ? You might quickly say "no." But are you sure?Are you willing to suffer by putting the truth of God's Word first in forming your beliefs? Are you willing to be called a bigot for believing what God says even if it radically goes against the culture's ideas? Are you willing to go against your political party because you put Christ first? Do you get your identity first and foremost as a Christian, rather than as a conservative, or as a Baptist, or as a Dutch person, or as a Democrat? I'm proud of my students for admitting what they were really doing. Can we be courageous enough to also admit if we are forming our beliefs and opinions about controversial issues based on our culture's ideas first rather than God's Word?
This is excellent Anthony? And it really deepened my understanding and appreciation for the work you're doing. What a divine opportunity that was. Praising God with you and for you and for these students!
ReplyDeleteThat was supposed to be an exclamation point :)
ReplyDeleteThat was supposed to be an exclamation point :)
ReplyDeleteThank you Lynne!
ReplyDeletePraise God your students must trust you to share their deep struggles and thoughts! I'm forwarding to my daughter/son in law in Thailand as they also are faced with culture conflicting with faith in Christ
ReplyDeleteAmazing! Praise the Lord!!! We were talking at Bible study yesterday about how important people who speak truth in love are to our society- in this case we were talking about Rosario Butterfield who does that so brilliantly about homosexuality. Well done, faithful servant! Where would any of us be if not for courageous loving Christian teachers in our lives? Thanks again for sharing at length about this. God bless you as you walk the truth in love line faithfully.
ReplyDeleteThanks for this wonderful post, Anthony! You really helped me understand your work. It also challenged me to consider my own allegiances and to wonder about challenging my own students. God bless you!
ReplyDeleteWow. I would not have guessed that folks studying to be pastors would have such heretical views. Of course, we have the same problem here in the US when folks are raised in an environment where "being a Christian" means that you grew up learning a little about Christ but that you have never truly studied Christ or have given your heart to him. Still, I would not expect many folks in the US who are studying to be pastors to be in that position.
ReplyDeleteSo glad that you had that discussion and that you wrote about it.
Thanks for this great post, Anthony, so relevant in so many places. Blessings to you and Sara.
ReplyDeleteThank you one and all for the encouraging and gracious comments! Such comments give us the motivation to keep working on our blog in the future
ReplyDeleteThank you thank you thank for doing for commitment to Christ and teaching Biblical truth. We see similar worldviews as we serve in Uganda. Your articulation of their views and struggles is so enlightening. Thank you for taking the time to share what God is doing in your class room with all of us. Onfield media (AIM) produced a film called the distant boat. It's focus is to help Africans more fully participate in the great commission which culture does not always allow.
ReplyDeleteThanks Aaron for the very nice comment. I also spent 3 years teaching in Uganda. I think it is a very great challenge for all African Christians. But as some have pointed out, it is really a problem for all Christians in every country. I think we in the West don't deal with it quite so much today as we used to because we have been reacting against Western missionaries preaching of their own culture in the past. But we do still struggle with it. Where are you located in Uganda?
DeleteThank you Anthony, for your honest and descriptive post. I must say, the parallels with North American Christianity were obvious in the first paragraph. More and more we hear seemingly-committed Christians saying (in essence), "...we must obey our culture before obeying Christ if the two contradict...." In different words, of course, like "we must be welcoming to all" and "we don't want to alienate/judge anyone." Of course I must look at myself first, and realize and repent of the many ways I am reluctant or unwilling to submit my own cultural identity, assumptions and desires to Christ.
ReplyDeleteContinued blessings and protection on your and Sara's work.
-- Sharon
Wow. Thanks for sharing that Anthony. It shows how necessary the work you are doing is there in Kenya and that God has sent the right man (and woman) for the job.
ReplyDeleteHi Anthony,
ReplyDeleteWow! This was excellently written and very helpful and interesting. Thank-you for being faithful to your task and allowing the Holy Spirit to guide you through this tense challenge with your students!
I am wondering if this might serve a real purpose some time in our upcoming Perspectives Classes starting in January. Would you give me permission to copy this and use some or all of it with my students?
John
Please, any reply needs at least a link to my email:-)
I will email you as well. Thank you for the affirming comment. You are very welcome to use this to teach others!
DeleteGod is clearly at work through you and the relationship you are establishing with your students. I can only imagine how your influence will increase as you continue to earn your students' trust. May God continue to give you a humble, open heart and loving words in which to communicate His truth, not your own.
ReplyDelete